1.1950s, 1960s, 1980s: nkhunda zowuluka zaku China

M'mbiri ya njinga, node yochititsa chidwi ndi kupangidwa kwa njiwa yowuluka. Ngakhale kuti amaoneka mofanana ndi njinga zapanyanja zakunja panthaŵiyo, zinali zotchuka mosayembekezereka ku China ndipo inali njira yokhayo yoyendera yovomerezedwa ndi anthu wamba panthawiyo.

Njinga, makina osokera, ndi mawotchi zinali zizindikiro za chipambano cha Achitchaina panthaŵiyo. Ngati muli ndi zonse zitatu, zikutanthauza kuti ndinu munthu wolemera komanso wokoma. Ndi kuwonjezera kwa chuma chomwe chinakonzedwa panthawiyo, kunali kosatheka kukhala ndi izi. zosavuta. M'zaka za m'ma 1960 ndi 1970, chizindikiro cha nkhunda zouluka chinakhala njinga yotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mu 1986, njinga zopitilira 3 miliyoni zidagulitsidwa.

2. 1950s, 1960s, 1970s: North America cruiser ndi magalimoto othamanga

Mabasiketi oyenda panyanja ndi njinga zamapikisano ndi masitaelo otchuka kwambiri ku North America. Njinga zapanyanja ndizodziwika pakati pa oyenda panjinga, ntchentche zakufa za mano osasunthika, zomwe zimakhala ndi mabuleki oyenda, chiŵerengero chimodzi chokha, komanso matayala opumira, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi olimba komanso otonthoza komanso olimba.

3. Kupangidwa kwa BMX m'ma 1970s

Kwa nthawi yayitali, njinga zimawoneka chimodzimodzi, mpaka BMX idapangidwa ku California m'ma 1970. Mawilowa amasiyana kukula kwake kuyambira mainchesi 16 mpaka 24 ndipo ndi otchuka ndi achinyamata. Panthawiyo, kuyambitsidwa kwa magalimoto othamanga a bmx pamsewu ku Netherlands kunabala zolemba "Pa Lamlungu Lililonse". Kanemayu akuwonetsa kupambana kwa BMX chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa njinga zamoto m'zaka za m'ma 1970 komanso kutchuka kwa BMX ngati masewera osati kungosangalatsa chabe.

4. Kupangidwa kwa njinga yamapiri m'zaka za m'ma 1970

China chopangidwa ku California chinali njinga yamapiri, yomwe idawonekera koyamba m'ma 1970 koma sinapangidwe mpaka 1981. Idapangidwa kuti ikhale yoyenda mopanda misewu kapena yoyipa. Njinga ya m’mapiriyo inayenda bwino nthawi yomweyo, ndipo mmene ankakwera njinga za m’mapiri zinalimbikitsa mizinda kuti idzipangire mbiri chifukwa imalimbikitsa anthu okhala m’mizinda kuti athawe malo amene amakhala komanso kulimbikitsa maseŵera ena oopsa kwambiri. Njinga zamapiri zimakhala ndi malo okhala mowongoka komanso kuyimitsidwa bwino kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo.

5. 1970s-1990s: The European Bicycle Market

M'zaka za m'ma 1970, njinga zamasewera zitakhala zotchuka kwambiri, njinga zopepuka zolemera ma kilogalamu 30 zidayamba kukhala zitsanzo zazikulu zogulitsa pamsika, ndipo pang'onopang'ono zidagwiritsidwanso ntchito pothamanga.

Wopanga ku Sweden Itera adapanga njinga yopangidwa ndi pulasitiki, ndipo ngakhale kugulitsa kuli koyipa, kumayimira malingaliro. M'malo mwake, msika wapanjinga waku UK wasintha kuchoka panjinga zamsewu kupita panjinga zonse zamapiri, zomwe zimatchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwawo. Pofika m'chaka cha 1990, oyenda panyanja olemera anali atatha.

6. Zaka za m'ma 1990 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 21: chitukuko cha njinga zamagetsi

Mosiyana ndi njinga wamba, mbiri ya njinga weniweni wamagetsi amangowonjezera zaka 40 zokha. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chithandizo chamagetsi chatchuka chifukwa cha kutsika kwamitengo komanso kukwera kwa kupezeka. Yamaha adamanga chimodzi mwazojambula zoyambirira mu 1989, ndipo chithunzichi chinkawoneka chofanana kwambiri ndi njinga yamakono yamagetsi.

Kuwongolera mphamvu ndi masensa a torque omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa e-bikes adapangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1990, ndipo Vector Service Limited inapanga ndikugulitsa e-bike yoyamba yotchedwa Zike mu 1992. Ili ndi batri ya nichrome yomangidwa mu chimango ndi 850g magnet motor. Komabe, malonda anali otsika kwambiri pazifukwa zosadziŵika bwino, mwina chifukwa chakuti anali okwera mtengo kwambiri kupanga.

Khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, kutuluka ndi kukwera kwa njinga zamakono zamakono

M’chaka cha 2001, njinga zoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi zinayamba kutchuka ndipo zinadziwikanso ndi mayina ena, monga njinga zotsogola, njinga zamphamvu, ndi njinga zamphamvu. Njinga yamoto yamagetsi (e-motorbike) imatanthawuza makamaka chitsanzo chomwe chili ndi liwiro loposa 80 km / h.

Mu 2007, ma e-bikes ankaganiziridwa kuti amapanga 10 mpaka 20 peresenti ya msika, ndipo tsopano akupanga pafupifupi 30 peresenti. Chigawo chothandizira chamagetsi chimakhala ndi batire yowonjezedwanso kwa maola 8 ogwiritsa ntchito, ndikuyenda mtunda wa 25-40 km pa batire imodzi ndi liwiro la 36 km / h. M'mayiko akunja, ma mopeds amagetsi amaikidwanso m'malamulo, ndipo gulu lirilonse limasankha momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito komanso ngati mukufuna chiphaso choyendetsa galimoto.

7.kutchuka kwa njinga zamakono zamagetsi

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma e-bikes kwakula mofulumira kuyambira 1998. Malinga ndi bungwe la China Bicycle Association, dziko la China ndilopanga kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi njinga zamagetsi. Mu 2004, China idagulitsa njinga zamagetsi zopitilira 7.5 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi, kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa chaka chatha.

Ku China kumagwiritsa ntchito njinga zamagetsi zopitirira 210 miliyoni tsiku lililonse, ndipo akuti zikuwonjezeka kufika pa 400 miliyoni m’zaka 10 zikubwerazi. Ku Ulaya, ma e-bikes oposa 700,000 anagulitsidwa mu 2010, chiwerengero chomwe chinakwera kufika pa 2 miliyoni mu 2016. Tsopano, EU yakhazikitsa 79.3% yotetezera ndalama zogulitsira ku China za njinga zamagetsi kuti ateteze opanga EU omwe amagwiritsa ntchito Ulaya monga awo. msika waukulu.